Dateutil¶

O dateutil é um pacote que "fornece extensões poderosas para o módulo datetime padrão, disponível em Python". Ele aborda questões muito mais gerais, para lidar com datas no python, e não é apenas um módulo para tratar de feriados.

No site Labix.org, tem vários exemplos interessante sobre o uso de Recurrence Rules, uma função que pode ser usada para feriados.

In [1]:

from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta

from dateutil import parser, rrule

import brazilian_holidays

from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta from dateutil import parser, rrule import brazilian_holidays

---

Recurrence Rules¶

O módulo rrules permite criar uma série de regras de horários recorrentes. Abaixo um exemlo de uma regra.

In [11]:

list(
    rrule.rrule(
        rrule.DAILY,
        byweekday=[rrule.MO, rrule.TU, rrule.WE, rrule.TH, rrule.FR],
        count=10,
        dtstart=parser.parse('19970902T090000'),
    )
)

list( rrule.rrule( rrule.DAILY, byweekday=[rrule.MO, rrule.TU, rrule.WE, rrule.TH, rrule.FR], count=10, dtstart=parser.parse('19970902T090000'), ) )

Out[11]:

[datetime.datetime(1997, 9, 2, 9, 0),
 datetime.datetime(1997, 9, 3, 9, 0),
 datetime.datetime(1997, 9, 4, 9, 0),
 datetime.datetime(1997, 9, 5, 9, 0),
 datetime.datetime(1997, 9, 8, 9, 0),
 datetime.datetime(1997, 9, 9, 9, 0),
 datetime.datetime(1997, 9, 10, 9, 0),
 datetime.datetime(1997, 9, 11, 9, 0),
 datetime.datetime(1997, 9, 12, 9, 0),
 datetime.datetime(1997, 9, 15, 9, 0)]

Exemplo com regras de minutos.

In [12]:

list(
    rrule.rrule(
        rrule.MINUTELY,
        byhour=range(9, 17),
        byminute=(0, 30),
        # interval=30,
        byweekday=[rrule.MO, rrule.TU, rrule.WE, rrule.TH, rrule.FR],
        count=20,
        dtstart=date.today(),
    )
)

list( rrule.rrule( rrule.MINUTELY, byhour=range(9, 17), byminute=(0, 30), # interval=30, byweekday=[rrule.MO, rrule.TU, rrule.WE, rrule.TH, rrule.FR], count=20, dtstart=date.today(), ) )

Out[12]:

[datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 16, 9, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 16, 9, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 16, 10, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 16, 10, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 16, 11, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 16, 11, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 16, 12, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 16, 12, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 16, 13, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 16, 13, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 16, 14, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 16, 14, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 16, 15, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 16, 15, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 16, 16, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 16, 16, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 17, 9, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 17, 9, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 17, 10, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2025, 10, 17, 10, 30)]

---

Feriados nos EUA¶

Encontrei no repositório adamJLev/holidays.py, uma função que cria os feriados dos Estados Unidos utilizando rrules.

In [13]:

def get_schedule_holidays_rrules():
    return [
        # New Years
        rrule.rrule(
            rrule.YEARLY, dtstart=datetime.now(), bymonth=1, bymonthday=1
        ),
        # Memorial
        rrule.rrule(
            rrule.YEARLY,
            dtstart=datetime.now(),
            bymonth=5,
            byweekday=rrule.MO(-1),
        ),
        # Independence
        rrule.rrule(
            rrule.YEARLY, dtstart=datetime.now(), bymonth=7, bymonthday=4
        ),
        # Thanksgiving
        rrule.rrule(
            rrule.YEARLY,
            dtstart=datetime.now(),
            bymonth=11,
            byweekday=rrule.TH(4),
        ),
        # Christmas
        rrule.rrule(
            rrule.YEARLY, dtstart=datetime.now(), bymonth=12, bymonthday=25
        ),
    ]

def get_schedule_holidays_rrules(): return [ # New Years rrule.rrule( rrule.YEARLY, dtstart=datetime.now(), bymonth=1, bymonthday=1 ), # Memorial rrule.rrule( rrule.YEARLY, dtstart=datetime.now(), bymonth=5, byweekday=rrule.MO(-1), ), # Independence rrule.rrule( rrule.YEARLY, dtstart=datetime.now(), bymonth=7, bymonthday=4 ), # Thanksgiving rrule.rrule( rrule.YEARLY, dtstart=datetime.now(), bymonth=11, byweekday=rrule.TH(4), ), # Christmas rrule.rrule( rrule.YEARLY, dtstart=datetime.now(), bymonth=12, bymonthday=25 ), ]

In [14]:

get_schedule_holidays_rrules()

get_schedule_holidays_rrules()

Out[14]:

[<dateutil.rrule.rrule at 0x1faff9ed8d0>,
 <dateutil.rrule.rrule at 0x1faff9ee590>,
 <dateutil.rrule.rrule at 0x1faff9ee710>,
 <dateutil.rrule.rrule at 0x1faff9ec190>,
 <dateutil.rrule.rrule at 0x1faff9ee910>]

Pensava que poderia utilizar isso também para feriados brasileiros, porém ao me deparar com feriados de data móvel (páscoa e carnaval, por exemplo), desisti de utilizar o rrules para feriados. De qualquer forma, o pacote pode agregar muito nas análises de séries temporais, pela exclusão de feriados de intervalos sub-diários.

---

Exclusão de Feriados¶

No artigo StackOverFlow: Datetime Python - Next Business Day descobri que dá pra definir feriados!!! E usar isso na biblioteca dateutil para excluir das regras!!!

Excluindo datas das rrule¶

Defini regras do rrule que eu desejaria obter intervalores de 30 minutos, entre as 9h e as 17h, e desejaria excluir algumas datas (ou "feriados") específicas.

In [15]:

# Feriados
holidays = [
    datetime(2024, 3, 26, 11, 0, 0),
    datetime(2024, 3, 26, 11, 30, 0),
]

# Create a rule to recur every weekday starting today
r = rrule.rrule(
    rrule.MINUTELY,
    byhour=range(9, 17),
    byminute=(0, 30),
    byweekday=[rrule.MO, rrule.TU, rrule.WE, rrule.TH, rrule.FR],
    count=40,
    # dtstart=date.today(),
    dtstart=date(2024, 3, 24),
)

# Create a rruleset
rs = rrule.rruleset()

# Attach our rrule to it
rs.rrule(r)

# Add holidays as exclusion days
for holiday in holidays:
    rs.exdate(holiday)

# Results
list_intervals = list(rs)
list_intervals

# Feriados holidays = [ datetime(2024, 3, 26, 11, 0, 0), datetime(2024, 3, 26, 11, 30, 0), ] # Create a rule to recur every weekday starting today r = rrule.rrule( rrule.MINUTELY, byhour=range(9, 17), byminute=(0, 30), byweekday=[rrule.MO, rrule.TU, rrule.WE, rrule.TH, rrule.FR], count=40, # dtstart=date.today(), dtstart=date(2024, 3, 24), ) # Create a rruleset rs = rrule.rruleset() # Attach our rrule to it rs.rrule(r) # Add holidays as exclusion days for holiday in holidays: rs.exdate(holiday) # Results list_intervals = list(rs) list_intervals

Out[15]:

[datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 25, 9, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 25, 9, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 25, 10, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 25, 10, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 25, 11, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 25, 11, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 25, 12, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 25, 12, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 25, 13, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 25, 13, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 25, 14, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 25, 14, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 25, 15, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 25, 15, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 25, 16, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 25, 16, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 26, 9, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 26, 9, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 26, 10, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 26, 10, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 26, 12, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 26, 12, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 26, 13, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 26, 13, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 26, 14, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 26, 14, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 26, 15, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 26, 15, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 26, 16, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 26, 16, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 9, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 9, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 10, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 10, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 11, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 11, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 12, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 12, 30)]

Logo pensei: posso usar o brazilian-holidays para criar uma lista de feriados!!!

Contudo, infelizmente só dá certo se tiver também o horário definido.

---

Excluindo Feriados Brasileiros de Séries Temporais¶

Pensava que, caso eu criasse uma lista de feriados, em formato datetime, eu conseguiria excluir os feriados de uma regra definida com o módulo dateutil.rrule.

Para isso criei a lista de feriados, utilizando o brazilian_holidays.

Pensei em outra coisa

In [16]:

holidays = brazilian_holidays.Holidays(year=2024)
holidays.add_all()

holidays = holidays.create_list(tipo='date')

holidays = brazilian_holidays.Holidays(year=2024) holidays.add_all() holidays = holidays.create_list(tipo='date')

Inicialmente criamos todos os horários possíveis com o intervalo pretendido, para todos os feriados. Essa será a nossa tabela de exclusão.

In [17]:

list_holidays_hours = []
for holiday in holidays:
    # Create a rule to recur every weekday starting today
    r = rrule.rrule(
        rrule.MINUTELY,
        byhour=range(9, 17),
        byminute=(0, 30),
        byweekday=[rrule.MO, rrule.TU, rrule.WE, rrule.TH, rrule.FR],
        dtstart=holiday,
        until=holiday + timedelta(days=1),  # Tomorrow,
    )

    # Create a rruleset
    rs = rrule.rruleset()

    # Attach our rrule to it
    rs.rrule(r)

    # Results
    list_intervals = list(rs)
    list_holidays_hours.extend(list_intervals)

# Results
list_holidays_hours[:5]

list_holidays_hours = [] for holiday in holidays: # Create a rule to recur every weekday starting today r = rrule.rrule( rrule.MINUTELY, byhour=range(9, 17), byminute=(0, 30), byweekday=[rrule.MO, rrule.TU, rrule.WE, rrule.TH, rrule.FR], dtstart=holiday, until=holiday + timedelta(days=1), # Tomorrow, ) # Create a rruleset rs = rrule.rruleset() # Attach our rrule to it rs.rrule(r) # Results list_intervals = list(rs) list_holidays_hours.extend(list_intervals) # Results list_holidays_hours[:5]

Out[17]:

[datetime.datetime(2024, 1, 1, 9, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 1, 1, 9, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 1, 1, 10, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 1, 1, 10, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 1, 1, 11, 0)]

Após isso recriados a regra, com a exclusão dos feridos.

In [18]:

# Create a rule to recur every weekday starting today
r = rrule.rrule(
    rrule.MINUTELY,
    byhour=range(9, 17),
    byminute=(0, 30),
    byweekday=[rrule.MO, rrule.TU, rrule.WE, rrule.TH, rrule.FR],
    # count=50,
    dtstart=date(2024, 3, 27),
    until=date(2024, 4, 2),
)

# Create a rruleset
rs = rrule.rruleset()

# Attach our rrule to it
rs.rrule(r)

# Add holidays as exclusion days
for holiday in list_holidays_hours:
    rs.exdate(holiday)

# Results
list_intervals = list(rs)
list_intervals

# Create a rule to recur every weekday starting today r = rrule.rrule( rrule.MINUTELY, byhour=range(9, 17), byminute=(0, 30), byweekday=[rrule.MO, rrule.TU, rrule.WE, rrule.TH, rrule.FR], # count=50, dtstart=date(2024, 3, 27), until=date(2024, 4, 2), ) # Create a rruleset rs = rrule.rruleset() # Attach our rrule to it rs.rrule(r) # Add holidays as exclusion days for holiday in list_holidays_hours: rs.exdate(holiday) # Results list_intervals = list(rs) list_intervals

Out[18]:

[datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 9, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 9, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 10, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 10, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 11, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 11, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 12, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 12, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 13, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 13, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 14, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 14, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 15, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 15, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 16, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 3, 27, 16, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 4, 1, 9, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 4, 1, 9, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 4, 1, 10, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 4, 1, 10, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 4, 1, 11, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 4, 1, 11, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 4, 1, 12, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 4, 1, 12, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 4, 1, 13, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 4, 1, 13, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 4, 1, 14, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 4, 1, 14, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 4, 1, 15, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 4, 1, 15, 30),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 4, 1, 16, 0),
 datetime.datetime(2024, 4, 1, 16, 30)]

Note que o dia 28 e 29 de março de 2024 foram removidos, visto que são feriado definidos no brazilian-holidays.